Home Blog Page 54

LGIM’s Nicola Morgan Brownsell: Investment Ideation Needs Collaboration with Dealing Desk

LGIM Fund Manager Nicola Morgan Brownsell discusses how investment teams work together to make trades happen.

Nicola Morgan Brownsell, Fund Manager, Legal & General Investment Management, discusses how she works with analyst and strategist colleagues to come up with investment ideas, and then collaborates with the dealing desk to assess market liquidity and ensure best execution.

This video clip is from the recently released Global Trading / LSEG documentary Life Cycle of a Trade: Joining the Dots.

View the full 22-minute documentary here.

TOP OF PAGE

Europe to move to T+1 by October 2027

ESMA
ESMA

Months after the North American T+1 transition and years after demands for a shortened settlement cycle began, ESMA has recommended that the EU make its move on 11 October 2027.

Since 2014 and the implementation of CSDR, trades of European transferable securities have been required to settle no more than two business days after trading takes place (T+2). In the years since, a number of non-EU jurisdictions and asset classes have moved to a T+1, or even T+0, settlement cycles. Discussions around when the EU will make its move have focused on the complexity of shortening settlement cycles across the Union’s 27 member states.

While it recognises that the transition will come with costs, ESMA believes that the benefits to EU markets – including risk reduction, margin savings and reduced costs from global alignment – outweigh these challenges. Europe will be more closely aligned with major jurisdictions, including North America, China and India. “While ESMA understands that the misalignment is not entirely new, the current misalignment with the US in particular is creating additional costs and frictions for funds, issuers and CSDs,” the authority noted.

All instruments should migrate simultaneously, ESMA advised, suggesting that 11 October is adopted as the transition day. This avoids the difficulties of launching a large initiative in the final months of the year, and leaves a gap after the end of the third quarter.

In advance of the transition, harmonisation, standardisation and modernisation efforts are required across the financial sector to improve settlement efficiency and ensure that post-trading processes are capable of operating on a T+1 basis. If preparations are not sufficient, ESMA warned, markets risk immediate and long-term settlement efficiency deterioration. The cost and complexity of such initiatives may be more difficult for smaller market participants, ESMA acknowledged, but added that making the changes “would be a catalyst to higher settlement efficiency in the EU”.

ESMA also highlights the value this will bring to the savings and investments union, a priority for European authorities alongside the long-awaited capital markets union (CMU).

READ MORE: Savings and investments union would strengthen EU competitiveness

From a regulatory angle, the Central Securities Depositories Regulation (CSDR) and the settlement discipline framework must be amended to provide legal certainty around T+1, the authority added. Additional governance will also need to be introduced to support the change, constructed with the input of the European Commission, ESMA and the ECB.

Looking forward, “A shorter settlement cycle (ie T+0) does not seem possible at this point in time although, after T+1 has been achieved in the EU and pending a deeper assessment, further consideration could be given to it,” ESMA said.

©Markets Media Europe 2024

TOP OF PAGE

Regulators crack down on third-party IT dependence

Following an uptick in market outages and cyber attacks, and given the broader impact such incidents have in a highly connected ecosystem, European regulators are tightening their oversight of third-party IT service providers.

In line with the EU’s Digital Operational Resilience Act (DORA), which comes into force from 17 January, the European Supervisory Authorities (ESAs) have decreed that national regulators must report registers of information on firms’ contractual arrangements with critical IT third-party service providers (CTPPs) from 30 April 2025.

Equity trading venues and exchanges are in the regulators’ sights as they seek to strengthen market resilience, but will be disinclined to share their third-party reliance further. Both Euronext and Deutsche Börse declined to comment on which IT providers they have critical dependence on.

“Since these registers contain confidential information, financial entities are unlikely to disclose them,” an ESMA representative told Global Trading. “As a result, the authorities with access to this data will treat it as confidential and will not make it public.”

In their reporting framework, the ESAs state that firms must annually provide regularly-maintained registers of information on their contractual arrangements with CTPPs, covering timelines, frequency and reference dates and quality assurance.

The publication follows the ESAs’ final report on draft implementing technical standards for the register reporting template, issued in January this year. In the paper, the ESAs stated that “all financial entities are required to maintain and update at entity level, at sub-consolidated and consolidated levels, a register of information in relation to all contractual arrangements on the use of ICT services provided by ICT CTPPs”.

DORA-equivalent regulations are expected to be launched by UK regulators, as concerns around the risks that reliance on third-party providers brings increase. Earlier this month, the FCA, Bank of England and Prudential Regulation Authority confirmed that enhanced oversight would come into play from 1 January, with critical third-party services rather than the critical third parties themselves being monitored by regulators.

Under the new rules, critical third parties must provide regular assurance, information and notifications to regulators regarding their services, undergo resilience and scenario-based testing, and report any incidents that could impact its reputation or ability to provide services.

Nikhil Rathi, CEO of the FCA, commented: “The UK is not alone in addressing the risks posed by CTPPs. We have designed the CTPP oversight regime to be compatible with similar approaches in other jurisdictions where appropriate and will continue our dialogue with international counterparts to strengthen cross-border cooperation.”

©Markets Media Europe 2024

TOP OF PAGE

Big Xyt hires Phil Lemmon in TCA boost

Phil Lemmon, head of EMEA TCA sales, Big Xyt
Phil Lemmon, head of EMEA TCA sales, Big Xyt

Big Xyt has appointed Phil Lemmon as head of EMEA transaction cost analysis (TCA) sales, continuing to invest in the service following a €10 million funding round led by Finch Capital.

Last week, Big Xyt stated that the investment would go towards its global expansion and support a 2025 hiring drive, with CEO Robin Mess stating that “funding will accelerate product innovation and team growth, enabling us to meet the rising demand for advanced analytics.”

“We’ve had a TCA offering in place for many years,” Robin Mess, CEO of Big Xyt told Global Trading, “and we’ve continuously invested in this product. When we strengthen our product side, we also have to strengthen our client-facing roles.”

Lemmon has more than 25 years of industry experience and joins Big Xyt from ISS LiquidMetrix, where he was head of EMEA sales. Prior to this, he held roles including commercial director at SteelEye, vice president for EMEA sales and client services at Abel Noser and head of sales engineering and client services at Pipeline Financial Group.

On his appointment, he commented: “With TCA often perceived as a mature, and sometimes commoditised service, Big Xyt’s approach presents an alternative and enables us to help our clients unlock further insights from their trading data, beyond mere ‘box ticking’.”

Overall demand for TCA products is increasing and becoming more complex, Mess said. “The industry has been exposed to ongoing regulatory change. MiFID II saw plenty of innovation launched by exchanges for the industry, and every time there is innovation existing solutions have to adapt.” In the last few years, the firm has seen increased use of the service for pre-trade analysis and decision-making.

“The TCA market is saturated, because everyone has to have a TCA solution place for regulatory and compliance reasons,” Mess observed. To differentiate from competitors such as Bloomberg, Eflow and Virtu, Big Xyt aims to look beyond the traditional scope of TCA products. “Every sell-side firm behaves in a slightly different way, and every algo has a slightly different nature. In order to reflect that, your pre- and post-trade analysis has to not only be of good quality, but has to respond to the individual needs of the participant. That is our USP, and that’s what helps us to displace existing providers,” he concluded.

©Markets Media Europe 2024

TOP OF PAGE

Diversity on the Desk: Is it time for smarter intergenerational conversations?

Mike Burton

Mike BurtonA recent panel by Quorum 15 highlighted the challenges and opportunities presented by ‘Gentelligence’ and explored how the trend could impact the financial markets. Mike Burton, CEO of Quorum 15, reviews the issue for Global Trading.

Do any of these workplace scenarios sound familiar?

  • Feedback and development provided by older managers perceived by younger generations of employees as overly critical or harsh?
  • Flexible workplace environments and the need for face-to-face interactions valued differently by older workers compared to younger ones?
  • Differing generational perspectives on issues on ways of communicating, transparency, work/life balance and emphasis on mental health and wellness in the workplace?

A recent AARP study highlighted a significant gap in ‘intergenerational intelligence’: While 83% of global business leaders recognised the importance of multigenerational workforces, only 42% had trained managers to manage this diversity effectively. Without appropriate strategies, multigenerational workplaces may struggle with turnover, team dysfunction and knowledge transfer challenges. Conversely, fostering an age-supportive culture can lead to improved performance, innovation and talent retention.

The challenges and opportunities presented by ‘Gentelligence’ were the subject of a fascinating panel discussion at a recent financial markets industry event hosted by Quorum 15 and inspired by a book, Gentelligence: A Revolutionary Approach to Leading an Intergenerational Workforce, co-authored by Dr Megan Gerhardt*, that addresses an unprecedented situation of having five generations active in today’s workforce.

The Gentelligence theory promoted by Dr Gerhardt and her co-authors is centred on embracing generational diversity in the workplace and recognising it as an opportunity for collaboration and learning, rather than a source of frustration. Her book outlines a strategy that “pushes back on tired generational cliches and stereotypes, instead championing the unique value and experiences of different generations in the workplace” to foster workplace collaboration and innovation, and ensure that the diverse perspectives and experiences of different age groups are properly represented.

Core to the Quorum15 panel discussion was the acknowledgement of the need to recognise the frustrations and challenges of all generations with respect to understanding the perspectives of others. Panellists discussed the need for a ‘learning allowance’ to shift people away from rigidly-held and polarised views like “we’ve always done it this way” or conversely, “it’s of its time and needs to change” to create instead a more mindful and receptive environment in which to discuss how and why different age groups might adopt a different approach.

For example, in terms of pay increases and promotions, it was agreed that younger generations appear to take a much more proactive and transparent approach to pursuing promotions and pay rises than their more ‘mature’ contemporaries, based on greater self-confidence in their ‘perceived value’ TO a company.

Another example given was the increasing use of preferred pronouns. A point made at the event, and which holds true in day-to-day life, is that it isn’t – and shouldn’t – be incumbent on older generations only to be asked to respect the use of individuals’ personal pronouns.

The point was made that those seeking to use them might equally consider why this contemporary behavioural shift might be harder to understand for older generations.

The fact is that everyone has something to offer in the workplace. Younger generations can offer fresh perspectives that align with an increasingly diverse client base, whereas older cohorts can offer industry and regulatory experience built up over time. Leveraging both sets of strengths creates a healthier and more productive environment conducive to meaningful knowledge exchange.

Mentoring is one way to help to achieve that. Traditionally, mentoring has been viewed as a supportive activity where a more experienced (i.e. older) employee mentors a less experienced (i.e. younger) person. This is no longer the case; mentoring should be acknowledged as a mutual learning and development activity – regardless of role or seniority.

“If financial organisations want to recruit and keep the best talent to stay competitive, they need to teach their people to work with people who are different from them, rather than trying to work around differences to create a standardised culture,” says Martina Doherty, business psychologist and leadership coach.

Other key ‘Gentelligence’ takeaways include:

Challenge age-based assumptions
Workplace assumptions about age can lead to misunderstandings. For example, assuming that older employees are less interested in new technology can undermine their contributions. Challenging these assumptions helps to identify and correct biases before they impact decision-making.

Adjust the lens
Different generations may have varying perspectives on workplace behaviours and values. Don’t judge others based on your own norms and expectations. Treat different age groups as distinct cultures from whom to gain insights about diverse viewpoints.

Build trust
Lack of trust can arise from generational differences, hindering collaboration and engagement. Fostering a psychologically safe environment in which all employees feel respected and heard will help to overcome trust and inclusivity barriers.

Expand the pie
Generational differences should be seen as collaborative not competitive – it is recognised that diverse teams deliver better results so focus on leveraging diversity of age – and experience – to achieve better outcomes.

Celebrate success
Recognising and celebrating success influenced by intergenerational collaboration reinforces its value and encourages continued positive contributions.

Age bias, knowledge differences, value perceptions and generational shaming all have a significant impact on how individuals and teams work together. It’s no longer feasible to ignore them in the hope they’ll go away, or to avoid conflict, or simply because “things have always been done a certain way”.

In short, rather than different generations blaming each other for not ‘getting it’, ALL generations should be willing to “open up the intergenerational conversation”. Through learning more about – and from – each other, real change can be achieved and there are already some great examples of how organisations have capitalised on generational differences to generate very positive outcomes.” On the other hand, failure to grasp the nettle of “Gentelligence” will likely impede the progress and impact of diversity strategies in businesses.

Sincere thanks to Dr Megan Gerhardt, and our Quorum 15 panellists and contributors including Joy Macknight, former editor of The Banker, Lindsay Levine, Co-Head Cross Channel Equities Execution, BNP Paribas, Alison Hollingshead, COO, Jupiter Asset Management and Martina Doherty, Business Psychologist & Leadership Coach for their insights and contributions to this fascinating debate, and to this article.

About Quorum 15 The Quorum 15 network embraces 80 organisations and more than 250 senior industry professionals. Every year, and across four continents, it brings together senior executives from financial institutions, firms and service providers at 30+ events hosted in London, New York, Boston, Sydney, Hong Kong and Singapore. Through open dialogue, Q15 aims to develop mutual understanding and to capture industry consensus around key opportunities and challenges that impact financial markets worldwide. This information is fed back through member organisations, and to industry associations and supervisory and regulatory bodies. www.quorum15.com

*https://profgerhardt.com

©Markets Media Europe 2024

UK to consolidate pension funds, drive domestic investment

Rachel Reeves, Chancellor of the Exchequer
Rachel Reeves, Chancellor of the Exchequer

The UK Treasury intends to create eight pension megafunds akin to those seen in Australia and Canada, aiming to reduce fragmentation, increase investment in UK markets and improve pension outcomes.

Collectively, the Local Government Pension Scheme (LGPS) is the largest public sector pension scheme in the UK, investing £392 billion worldwide as of March 2024. The defined benefit scheme is managed by more than 80 funds across England and Wales, each of which is run autonomously.

The largest LGPSs in the UK, as of 31 March, are Greater Manchester (market value £31.2 billion), the West Midlands Pension Fund (£21.2 billion) and the West Yorkshire Superannuation Fund (£19.2 billion).

Combined with defined contribution (DC) initiatives in the UK, these funds are expected to manage £1.3 trillion in assets by the end of the decade, the Treasury stated. However, fragmentation means that the assets cannot be invested in large projects such as infrastructure.

In the Pensions Investment Review interim report, the Treasury outlined its plans to bring together DC schemes and the assets of 86 LGPS authorities to allow pension funds to invest in a wider range of asset classes. While this consolidation is already taking place organically across smaller DC funds, the government believes that combining larger bodies would reduce fragmentation and the average assets per default.

An example of what such a pooled fund could look like is Brightwell Pensions, which manages the £38bn BT pension scheme amongst others. Chief investment officer Wyn Francis told Global Trading: “Scale in pensions is crucial. Larger pension funds are typically better governed, have better expertise and deliver better outcomes. Scale also allows access to a broader range of investment opportunities.”

Ashish Patel, a managing director of Houlihan Lokey’s capital markets group, noted that under the new regime “investors would gain access to high-calibre growth opportunities that are often out of reach for smaller individual funds, but which could be effectively realised under a single, unified framework. Meanwhile, UK companies, particularly those in fast-developing industries, would benefit from patient domestic capital. ”

LGPS asset pooling has already proven beneficial, with the Pensions and Lifetime Savings Association (PLSA) stating in its response to the Treasury’s call for evidence earlier this year that “there have been beneficial collaborations between pools. For example GLIL (a collaboration between the Northern LGPS and LPP pools) has allowed funds to obtain the scale to obtain stakes and governance rights in direct infrastructure assets that they would not otherwise have been able to do.” The association advised that ensuring the strength of these fund and pool structures should be a Treasury priority.

However, as to the Government’s goal of increasing pension funds’ investment into the UK, the PLSA explained that “larger pension funds are likely to invest more in asset classes requiring high governance costs such as unlisted equity and infrastructure. It does not automatically follow that investment in those asset classes will be in the UK, unless the UK opportunities are either competitive or fiscally advantageous.”

Clear losers from the UK government pooling initiative are likely to be advisory firms that charge fees separately to the current 82 LGPS funds. “From our discussions with LGPS funds and asset managers, their main challenge for investing in the UK is volatility in public policy,” the largest LGPS advisory firm Hymans Roberston complained.

CBOE defends VIX against BIS criticisms

The BIS blames pre-market option quotes for August VIX spike, but CBOE defends its methodology

The 5 August spike in the CBOE’s VIX ‘fear gauge’ to 66%, a post-Covid record, was an artifact caused by the index’s dependence on market maker quotes for pre-hours trading, according to a study by the Bank for International Settlements.

“Spikes in VIX can reverberate through the financial system and affect broad markets via margins and general market sentiment, making it paramount to ensure that VIX follows a robust methodology”, the BIS said. “Our analysis suggests that pre-market VIX can be significantly affected by illiquidity with wide bid-ask spreads, leading to a less precise volatility indicator”.

The VIX index has attained global importance as a risk indicator, while institutions increasingly use the VIX as a tail risk hedge for equity portfolios. However, the spot value of the VIX is not actually traded. In order to hedge, VIX futures and options have to be used, which pay off based on the index’s forward value. Volumes of these contracts have steadily grown, boosting revenues at CBOE which were a highlight of the exchange’s latest earnings.

According to the study, written by BIS economist Karamfil Todorov along with Grigory Vilkov at the Frankfurt School of Finance & Management, the spike began outside US trading hours, when the Japanese Topix index fell by 12%. Pre-US open (referred by the CBOE as ‘global trading hours’ or GTH), S&P 500 futures and the value of at-the-money S&P 500 options only fell by a modest amount. But the value of the VIX reached 66%, before rapidly declining again once US markets opened.

With pre-market trading volume of S&P 500 options 80 times smaller than during market hours, there was very little actual trading behind this change in value. And the reason was a sudden adjustment of quotes for out-of-the-money put options by market makers, characterised by the BIS as ‘asymmetric bid-ask spread widening”.

As the BIS paper explains, “since VIX is based on quotes rather than actual trades, even an anticipation of a one-sided market can lead market makers to widen bid-ask spreads to avert facing an imbalanced book, thereby mechanically lifting the value of VIX”. According to the BIS, on 5 August, bid-ask spreads for deep out-of-the-money options spiked to 80% of their mid price, contributing  86% to the VIX’s ascent to 66% before US markets opened.

The phenomenon highlights a decision made by CBOE in 2004 to ensure that the value of the VIX closely tracks the value of a portfolio of one-month S&P 500 options contracts with a range of strikes K. The value of these options depends on both the volatility of the index and the level of the index itself. In order for the VIX to reflect only the volatility rather than the S&P 500 level – known as long gamma – the weighting of the options in the calculation uses a formula delta K over K-squared. For low values of K, corresponding to deep OTM puts, the weighting is largest.

John Hiatt, vice president of CBOE Labs at CBOE Global Markets, told Global Trading. “When skew steepens at a time like what we saw on August 5, the VIX is going to respond more sharply than an at-the-money measure. Any way that we changed it away from delta k over k-squared would make the VIX itself a little bit less tradable than it is today, in terms of the products: the VIX futures and the VIX options.”

Rob Hocking, a former trader who is now global head of product innovation at CBOE Global Markets, defends the VIX against the BIS criticisms. “In the absence of trades, the next best thing are quotes where people are committed to trading. And I think, when quotes are available, the VIX does a really good job of showing you at that moment in time where people felt comfortable being committed to trade.”

“As a trader, you are wondering how much is this market going to move and at what point am I going to be comfortable stepping in and committing capital with all of this uncertainty? As a market maker it’s natural to widen markets out to make sure I have adequate padding to my market so that I can inventory risk knowing that I will be properly compensated for it.”

Hocking urges users of the index to incorporate other CBOE metrics into risk indicators. “We have a one day VIX, a nine day VIX, a 30 day VIX, a three month VIX, six month VIX, a one year VIX. We have tradable futures where people are actually transacting. If you want an accurate picture of volatility in a market event like we saw in August 5, there’s a lot more indicators that you should also be taking into account.”

©Markets Media Europe 2024

TOP OF PAGE

 

European equity liquidity continues to deteriorate, AFME says

AFME
AFME

Turnover ratio for equities products are continuing to decline in Europe, dropping by 30 to 50 percentage points since 2018 in Q3.

According to AFME’s latest equity primary markets and trading report, in Q3 2024 annualised turnover relative to market capitalisation was 111%, up from H2 2023’s record lows of 100%. Despite the increase, though, this is a marked drop from the 150% levels reported in 2018. Over the last 12 months, turnover ratio has remained for the most part below 120%.

These figures demonstrate a “pronounced deterioration” in market liquidity, AFME stated.

AFME
AFME

Of the addressable liquidity that is available, 74% comes from on-venue trading according to data from Big Xyt. AFME states that this proportion is in line with results since 2018, with on-venue trading consistently representing more than 70% of addressable liquidity.

In January this year, ESMA implemented the exclusion of more non-price-forming trades from post-trade reporting requirements in an effort to reduce operational costs and limit overreporting.

A similar programme was initiated in the UK in April; according to data from BMLL Vantage, just a month after these changes were introduced the percentage of addressable liquidity in London-listed equities rose by 17.7 percentage points to 71.9%. BMLL suggested that this was due to the removal of special price (non-price-forming-flagged) trades from post-trade reporting.

©Markets Media Europe 2024

TOP OF PAGE

KCx & Adaptive: Trade Execution Platforms Need Agility, Collaboration

KCx, the execution services arm of Kepler Cheuvreux, has partnered with Adaptive to build KCx Omni, the next-gen trade execution platform. The collaboration leverages KCx’s unique quantitative and technical capabilities together with Adaptive’s long standing track record of building low-latency trading platforms.

Financial institutions, challenged to navigate an increasingly complex global equities trading landscape, are turning to advanced technology and event-driven algorithms to enable smarter trading and deliver the best possible execution experience.

In response, KCx embarked on a transformative journey to reimagine what a modern trade execution platform should look like, incorporating open-source technologies and cloud computing into the fabric of the platform and reimagining the full front-to-back execution experience, spanning pre-trade, post-trade, data, and advanced analytical capabilities.

Key to the delivery of KCx’s new execution platform is Adaptive’s technical know-how and capital markets technologies, including Aeron®, the low-latency, high-throughput, resilient messaging & clustering technology; as well as Hydra, which streamlines and accelerates the build process, enabling swift project delivery and ensuring the execution platform scales effectively.

The platform is built on the three core principles of sequencer architecture, hybrid development, and rapid deployment, leading to an outcome that includes a bespoke UI, resilient architecture, greater automation, seamless traceability, and cross-asset class growth enablement.

Access the full project details here.

TOP OF PAGE

Liquidnet chases Goldman and JP Morgan in algo products

Liquidnet has expanded its dark space suite, launching a liquidity-seeking algorithm for equity traders in the US.

SmartDark uses priority routing, combining yield and quality metrics, to generate a liquidity-seeking strategy and facilitate maximum liquidity exposure, Liquidnet explained. This allows users access to venues with larger execution sizes and better price stability, it added.

This solution is in competition with similar products including JP Morgan’s Aqua and Goldman Sachs’s Sonar Dark X, both of which also aim to minimise market impact and capture non-displayed liquidity.

Alan Polo, head of sales and trading for the Americas at Liquidnet, commented: ”Today’s markets remain volatile and complex for buy-side traders to navigate. Although many algorithms in the market boast exceptional performance, the reality is that an algorithm’s effectiveness depends entirely on the quality of the liquidity it can reach.”

At the time of launch, head of electronic trading in the Americas and global co-head of product research and development at Goldman Sachs John Cosenza stated that “Connectivity to a broad set of accessible liquidity venues is now the minimum requirement for liquidity seeking products. In an ever-evolving and increasingly competitive liquidity landscape, the key is to optimise the subset of venue segments best suited for a specific client objective.”

In Q3 2024, Liquidnet reported that equities revenue was up 24% quarter-on-quarter and 18% year-on-year for the first nine months. Growth was driven by increased institutional block market activity, parent firm TP ICAP stated.

Liquidnet Dark currently has an average block execution size of 28,000 shares for all trades crossed by the firm, and an overall block participation rate of 44%.

©Markets Media Europe 2024

TOP OF PAGE

We're Enhancing Your Experience with Smart Technology

We've updated our Terms & Conditions and Privacy Policy to introduce AI tools that will personalize your content, improve our market analysis, and deliver more relevant insights.These changes take effect on Aug 25, 2025.
Your data remains protected—we're simply using smart technology to serve you better. [Review Full Terms] |[Review Privacy Policy] Please review our updated Terms & Conditions and Privacy Policy carefully. By continuing to use our services after Aug 25, 2025, you agree to these

Close the CTA