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Private markets set to boom – but challenges threaten growth

Gary Simmons, managing director of high yield and equity markets, AFME
Gary Simmons, managing director of high yield and equity markets, AFME

Private capital assets could be valued at more than US$21 trillion globally by 2030, according to recent research from fund regulation and governance solutions provider Carne Group. This would be a 62% increase from current valuations, which are estimated to be approximately US$13.01 trillion.

This growth has been driven by the democratisation of private assets over recent years, the report claimed, with allocations from defined contributions (DC) pension schemes and wealth managers on the rise. Within this group, DC schemes anticipated their sector’s level of investment into private markets to grow by approximately 10% over the next three years. Wealth managers expected private markets investments to account for 11% of the sector’s AUM by 2023 – up from 2021’s more conservative 5% estimate.

The Association for Financial Markets in Europe (AFME)’s managing director of high yield and equity markets, Gary Simmons, acknowledged the development of this space. “We have seen this market grow substantially in recent years and we welcome the recognition of its growing role in the capital markets ecosystem and desire to support the needs of private companies,” he stated.

READ MORE: Positive PISCES response from AFME and UK Finance

The comment was made in response to HM Treasury’s consultation paper on its Private Intermittent Securities and Capital Exchange System (PISCES) project, initially announced as part of the Edinburgh Reforms in 2022.

PISCES is designed to allow private companies to trade securities within a controlled, public environment, providing a regulatory framework to allow company shares to be traded on an intermittent basis. It is, according to Simmons, “an important addition to the market framework”.

At FIX earlier this year, Jessica Morrison, head of market structure and quantitative analytics for capital markets at the London Stock Exchange Group, discussed the importance of the project further. “UK companies who’ve started and been homegrown here will be able to get broader access to investments pre-IPO, with the hopes that this builds that relationship and familiarity with the exchange,” she explained to Global Trading. The longer-term intention here is that “when they come to publicly list, London will be a destination of choice”.

READ MORE: From the floor at FIX: Jessica Morrison of LSEG explains her new role

Private markets offer the potential of greater risk-adjusted returns and enable growth in alternative asset classes, the report stated, while 98% of DC schemes and 96% of wealth managers shared the belief that private markets can facilitate a greater ESG impact than their public counterparts.

However, although sustainability credentials support growth in alternative asset classes, 77% of asset managers polled stated that ESG regulation presents a ‘deterrent’ to participating in European markets.

Regardless, close to nine-tenths of wealth managers stated their expectations that in Europe and the UK their sector will increase private markets investments over the next three years as a result of opportunities in long-term asset funds (LTAFs) and European long-term investment funds (ELTIFs). A further 28% believe that this increase will be ‘dramatic’.

Similar results were seen in DC schemes, with 78% expecting increased use of LTAF and ELTIF structures and 31% anticipating a dramatic rise.

With these opportunities in mind, 94% of UK-based fund managers shared that they are currently participating in European markets. The final 6% stated that they intend to do so within the next two years. In the US, 88% of fund managers surveyed are currently raising capital for private market funds in Europe. Of the remainder, half have plans to do so.

In both regions, regulation was identified as a barrier to successful fundraising. Just over three-quarters (78%) of US managers find EU regulations more complex than their US equivalents, and 68% expect navigating them to become more complex going forwards.

In the UK, regulatory complexity presents a commercial challenge. 68% believe they will be spending between 25% and 50% more on regulatory compliance resources over the next two years.

To combat these challenges, Carne Group noted a high uptake of outsourcing across investment managers. A total of 87% expect to increase their use of the strategy over the next five years, with close to half of UK managers (48%) and almost a quarter of US managers (24%) citing regulatory risk as a contributing factor to the decision. Speed to market, the ability to launch different product sets and enhanced reporting transparency were also recorded as incentives to outsource.

Currently, alternative investment fund managers (AIFMs) are the most popular method for capital raising in Europe. More than half (60%) of US managers have opted for this strategy to enter European markets; cheaper than setting up a new regulated entity, the method also outsources responsibilities around rusk management, governance, oversight and compliance.

The study polled 201 investors with a combined US$1.93 trillion in assets under management. 

©Markets Media Europe 2024

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BME reveals plans for new dark pool to boost trading in size

Launching in December, SpainAtMid will be a dark order book with zero-latency dark-to-lit sweep order functionality. Global Trading spoke to Simon McQuoid-Mason, head of equity products at parent company SIX Swiss Exchange, to learn more about the dark landscape in Europe.

Simon McQuoid-Mason
Simon McQuoid-Mason

“Dark trading on average accounts for approximately 10% of on-book volumes across Europe, so it’s an important part of the market to have an offering in,” said McQuoid-Mason. “Primary exchanges (with the right engineering) are well-placed to shape and stimulate efficient liquidity interactions between dark and lit books that benefit trading participants.”

SwissAtMid, the dark liquidity pool launched by the exchange in 2016, has been a notable success for the firm, and with the new SpainAtMid book, Bolsas y Mercados Españoles (BME) aims to follow in its footsteps.

“In both of our home markets, Switzerland and Spain we have a strong footprint with local members – hence being able to offer them the ability to execute in size at the prevailing PBBO mid-point offers them genuine value add,” explained McQuoid Mason.

The new functionality will be a non-displayed pool allowing the trading of equities at the BBO mid-point of BME’s central limit order book (CLOB); available during the continuous trading phase and supporting the execution of resting, immediate and sweep orders.

BME is currently targeting a technical go-live in production at the end of Q4 2024, focusing on delivering the SpainAtMid continuous mid-point book and dark-lit sweep orders.

 

“Many of our trading clients are familiar with utilising dark books to find contra liquidity in size, minimise information leakage and/or to seek price improvement at the mid-point,” noted McQuoid-Mason. “We will work with all of our clients, including our local members, to ensure SpainAtMid features as a key destination in their order routing logic. Our experience in Switzerland is that over 75% of our 100+ trading members also trade in SwissAtMid, and that contributes to us having the highest market share of dark trading in Swiss names (circa 40%).”

Dark pools have been a growing trend in Europe, with multiple exchanges launching (or relaunching) their own offerings. Deutsche Borse, which closed its dark pool back in 2017, recently confirmed plans to relaunch its Xetra Midpoint in November 2024; while Euronext in April launched its own Midpoint Match service with a sweep functionality.

“Being the first primary exchange group to offer a dark book on the same atomic matching cycle as the primary central limit order book (in 2016), we have been longtime supporters of the benefits and utility of non-displayed order books. As such, it is good to see renewed interest in this space recently with other primary exchange groups acknowledging the legitimacy of non-displayed execution mechanisms as a core trading tool,” said McQuoid-Mason.

“The renewed focus on the dark trading landscape should help to drive further innovation amongst venues, to the benefit of market participants. However, we need to ensure that there is a level playing field across similar execution mechanisms, promote equal access and multilateral interactions, and innovate in a way that helps to stitch appropriate types of liquidity back together rather than driving further fragmentation.”

The new SpainAtMid functionality is expected to be implemented in the test environment on September 30, 2024 and will go live into production on December 9, 2024.

 

“Active evolution”: What to expect from the next era of ETFs

Scott Chronert, managing director and US Equities Strategist, Citi Research
Scott Chronert, managing director and US Equities Strategist, Citi Research

ETFs are moving from a phase of passive revolution to active evolution, according to a recent report from Citi. Scott Chronert, managing director and Citi Research’s US Equities Strategist, spoke to Global Trading to offer a deeper insight into the upcoming changes. 

Rolling it back to the 1990s, Chronert explains the ETF journey so far. “ETFs started out mainly around the S&P 500, but then expanded into replicating nearly every underlying index that was available to most investors,” he tells Global Trading. “That’s the revolution – you could now trade the S&P 500 or the NASDAQ 100 index as a ticker.”

Over the years, an increasing number of use cases have been identified for the ETF toolkit, including traditional long-only investing and hedging. However, Chronert shares that “as we hit the last several years, we’ve made the point that nearly every passive index has now been replicated. Does that mean that the ETF industry is hitting more of a mature phase?” 

“The ETF industry is adaptive and responds to changing conditions in the market,” he confirms. “We’ve seen the ETF industry move down an incremental growth path of more smart data products, and along the way we’ve begun to see the early phases of a move down the traditional asset path.”

Hence, the active evolution phase. “The industry is now moving from this historic focus on passives to smarter approaches to passives, and is now going down a much more traditional, actively-managed path. That puts them head-to-head with the traditional actively-managed mutual funds and the institutional investor world.”

Looking ahead, Citi’s report stated its expectations that traditional mutual funds will cede a significant portion of their AUM currently not attached to defined contribution pension plans. Between US$6 and US$10 trillion is at risk of ETF displacement, it continued, and while assets attached to defined contribution retirement accounts will experience this at a slower rate they are not immune to the evolution.

Ageing out

One reason for the move away from mutual funds is a changing demographic. The younger generation is more likely to lean towards ETFs, Chronert explains, in part because this is the fund type that has been advertised the most to them as they began their investment journeys. Additionally, Citi notes an uptick of interest in stock selection among investors over recent years, after a decade of passive focus following the global financial crisis.

“For the younger cohort, ETFs have become a bigger [force] in the market over the past 10 years, particularly post-GFC,” he says. “We think the natural demographic shift should be another tailwind to what’s been happening anyway as we move down the devolutionary path from passive to active.” The inevitability of the passage of time suggests that mutual fund opportunities will weaken as wealth is passed down; already, over the past two decades the number of mutual funds has stayed static while there are “new product launches every other day” when it comes to ETFs, Citi’s report states.

Dual class structure 

Citi’s report draws attention to the expiration of Vanguard’s patent on structuring ETFs as a distinct share class of their existing mutual funds. “They essentially had one big fund that was replicating an index, and you could have a mutual fund version or an ETF version of the same fund,” Chronert explains. Since the May 2023 expiration, eight firms have filed with the SEC for share class relief, with some wishing to offer this for their active mutual funds.

“What we’re suggesting is that if the general path is away from mutual funds to ETFs, with a dual share class structure like this you don’t have to shift. It’s all part of the same fund. That’s part of why we don’t think you’ll get a wholesale trend where everything moves from mutual funds to ETFs, because this dual class structure lessens the incentive to do that,” Chronert notes.

Concluding its report, Citi states that while ETFs are increasingly popular, “mutual funds will find their own means of adapting and differentiating. Ours is an industry that is inherently entrepreneurial, and which has shown the ability to adapt to, and capitalise on, change”. 

©Markets Media Europe 2024

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Nothing new that isn’t old: Tokenovate’s Ciarán McGonagle talks tokenising derivatives 

Ciarán McGonagle
Ciarán McGonagle

Tokenovate has hired former ISDA assistant general counsel, Ciarán McGonagle, as chief legal and product officer. McGonagle will lead the creation and execution of Tokenovate’s legal-first product strategy, as well as serving as in-house counsel. The firm provides distributed financial market infrastructure, including tokenisation and blockchain-powered smart contracts, enabling post-trade lifecycle event management of workflows for OTC and exchange traded derivatives.

McGonagle spoke to Global Trading about why derivatives are well-suited to blockchain technology, his involvement with the development of the Common Domain Model while at the International Swaps and Derivatives Association (ISDA), and what he, and Tokenovate, are looking to achieve in the space. 

Ciarán McGonagle
Ciarán McGonagle

At ISDA, McGonagle contributed to the development of the Common Domain Model and helped to advance ISDA’s work on tokenisation. Prior to ISDA, McGonagle was a vice president at Deutsche Bank, an associate at Morgan Stanley, and trained at Allen & Overy in London.

McGonagle has worked as a lawyer in the derivatives market for 15 years — his career began just as the Great Financial Crisis (GFC) was kicking off. “It was a baptism of fire,” McGonagle told GT. He has spent that time getting to grips with the legal framework underpinning the derivatives market and the wave of regulatory change enacted in the wake of the GFC. 

There’s nothing new that isn’t old

McGonagle moved to ISDA just as these regulatory change mandates were coming to an end, “and the industry was beginning to take stock”. In the background, nascent technologies such as blockchain and its applications including smart contracts, were beginning to emerge. 

“How could that new technology be applied to this now much more heavily regulated and, as a result, much more sophisticated financial market infrastructure?”

Considering the legal implications of these new technologies, and their application to derivatives, “is a really interesting and exciting question”, McGonagle said. “It forces you to go back to basics. For example, when we first started talking about smart contracts, we started thinking ‘what is a contract?’ You can take distinct principles and apply them to this new world as well.”

“There are a lot of interesting things and features of these new technologies that could be, and are being, applied to make market infrastructure more efficient, more effective, which ultimately benefits the consumer through lowering fees, for example,” McGonagle told GT.

Speaking the same language

At ISDA, McGonagle helped to develop the Common Domain Model (CDM), a standardised, machine-readable and machine-executable data and process model for how financial products are traded and managed across the transaction lifecycle.

“At its core, ISDA is a standard setting body. They have worked for more than four decades to develop standards upon which people can trade efficiently and effectively. Now, everybody trades on a common form, and that increases legal certainty in the market,” McGonagle told GT.

“Going back to the post-financial crisis environment, a lot of the new regulatory mandates made the trading of derivatives much more complex, because they required, for example, clearing, the provision of collateral and lots of other requirements as well.”

The upshot of that, McGonagle said, was more contracts, more pieces of paper, more data, and data flowing across multiple entities. This is the problem the CDM is designed to solve.

“As we expand into legal agreements, it’s all going to be based on that common industry standard that’s been validated by the industry. That’s absolutely the correct approach,” McGonagle said.

Golden record

Smart contracts, an area in which McGonagle specialises, are essentially designed to automate obligations, and to reflect the operational contractual rights which might impact upon those obligations. “If you parse through all the dense legal language, what you can very clearly see across most contracts is, ‘if something happens, then that should happen’.”

McGonagle said that derivatives data needs to be reported, monitored, and actioned upon on an ongoing basis. “Derivatives are complex, and financial market infrastructure within the derivatives markets is very complex. I would argue derivatives are among the best use cases for blockchain technology.”

“Our ambition is, not only the financial infrastructure side of things, but this idea of creating a golden record of data, and to build all of these operational processes on top of it, whether that’s collateral management, settlement, through smart contracts,” McGonagle told GT. 

©Markets Media Europe 2024

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European Markets Choice Awards 2024: The Winners

At a glittering dinner at London’s Waldorf Hilton, this year’s winners of the European Markets Choice Awards were announced as follows:

Instinet Positive Change – Visionary
Stacey Parsons

Instinet Positive Change – Best Company for Diversity & Inclusion
Bloomberg

Instinet Positive Change – Sustainability
Carola van Lamoen & Robeco

Key Influencer in Equity Markets
Chris McConville – Kepler Cheuvreux

Markets Recognition Award – Individual
Matt Coupe

European CEO of the Year
Mike Powell – Rapid Addition

Best Liquidity Provider (Equities)
Citadel Securities

Best Liquidity Provider (European Fixed Income)
Jane Street

Best Electronic Fixed Income Trading
Jefferies

Best Electronic Equities Trading
Kepler Cheuvreux

Best Equity Investment House
Federated Hermes

Best Buy-Side Equities Trading Team
Fidelity International

Best Buy-Side Fixed Income Trading Team
M&G Investments

Best Sell-Side Equities Trading Desk
Morgan Stanley

Best Sell-Side Fixed Income Trading Desk
UBS

Best Emerging Markets Trading Firm
Erste Group

Best IPO / Placement Firm
Primary Portal

Best Bond Issuance Firm
NowCM

Best Fixed Income Execution Optimisation Provider

Propellant Digital

Best Market Structure Support (Sell Side)
Morgan Stanley

Best Equity E/OMS
Virtu Financial

Best OTC Instrument E/OMS
Bloomberg

Best Listed Derivatives E/OMS
Trading Technologies

Best Fixed Income Execution Optimisation Provider
Propellant Digital

Best Technology for Trading Efficiency
Genesis Global

Best Fixed Income Market Data Provider
Tradeweb

Best Equity Market Data Provider
London Stock Exchange Group

Best Equity Market Analytics Provider
London Stock Exchange Group

Best Market Operator (OTC Instruments)
MTS Markets

Best Market Operator (Listed Securities)
Eurex

Best Outsourced Trading Offering
Amundi Intermédiation

Best Retail Fixed Income Hub or Platform
Intesa Sanpaolo, IMI Corporate & Investment Banking Division

Market Disruptor
Citadel Securities

 

European Markets Choice Awards 2024 – photo gallery

 


©Markets Media Europe 2024

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James Perry to lead trading at Panmure Liberum

James Perry, head of trading, Panmure Liberum
James Perry, head of trading, Panmure Liberum

Advisory firm Panmure Liberum, formed after the May 2024 merger of Panmure Gordon and Liberum, has appointed James Perry as head of trading.

Perry has 20 years of industry experience, and has been head of trading at Panmure Gordon since March 2023.

He began his career at Winterflood Securities, where he was most recently head of smallcap trading.

©Markets Media Europe 2024

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David Cannon joins Liquidnet

David Cannon, head of multi-asset trading, Liquidnet
David Cannon, head of multi-asset trading, Liquidnet

Liquidnet has appointed David Cannon as head of multi-asset trading. He is based in London.

Cannon has more than 20 years of industry experience and joins Liquidnet from Louis Capital Markets, where he was head of equity trading for over 16 years.

Prior to this, he was a senior pan-European trader at Pershing (a BNY Mellon company) after beginning his career as a trader at Hargreaves Lansdown.

©Markets Media Europe 2024

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LSEG and Dow Jones form data, news and analytics partnership

David Schwimmer, CEO, LSEG
David Schwimmer, CEO, LSEG

Dow Jones news is now available within LSEG Workspace, with premium subscribers gaining access to thousands of news stories from titles such as The Wall Street Journal, Barron’s, and Newswires.

As part of the multi-year partnership, Dow Jones’ journalists will have access to LSEG content sets including Datastream, Fundamentals & Estimates, StarMine models, Pricing and Reference data along with deals insights from SDC Platinum.

David Schwimmer, CEO, LSEG
David Schwimmer, CEO, LSEG

David Schwimmer, CEO, LSEG, said: “The inclusion of the latest news, commentary and analysis from Dow Jones and The Wall Street Journal is a powerful new addition for our LSEG Workspace users. Our partnership will also see Dow Jones benefit from our world class data and analytics capabilities to support a data-driven newsroom across all of its channels.”

Almar Latour, CEO of Dow Jones and publisher of The Wall Street Journal, said: “This partnership with LSEG is key to delivering the world’s best news, information and analysis to business leaders across the globe. Combining the strength of both brands will serve the needs of LSEG Workspace users and enhance our newsrooms.”

Set to launch in early 2025, LSEG and Dow Jones will also develop a news experience within Workspace, curated by Dow Jones senior editors to showcase the top news from across Dow Jones’ news brands.

The combination of real time news from Dow Jones newsrooms with LSEG’s classification, tagging and search capabilities, will result in expanded feed offerings. LSEG will offer access to Dow Jones’s text feeds to existing subscribers and will enhance its news analytics services from this content to complement its real-time news, news archive and news analytics feed services.

©Markets Media Europe 2024

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Interactive Brokers extends market access to Korean derivatives

Milan Galik, CEO, Interactive Brokers
Milan Galik, CEO, Interactive Brokers

Interactive Brokers has launched the Eurex/KRX Link, providing extended trading hours for Korean derivatives and aligning trading opportunities across Korean, US and European time zones.

With this extension in place, investors will be able to access products including KOSPI 200 Options, Mini-KOSPI 200 Futures, KOSPI 200 Futures, and USD/KRW currency futures during US and European market hours.

As a result of recent regulatory changes around foreign investments in South Korean equities, the Eurex/KRX link will be able to attract a greater number of international investors, Interactive Brokers stated.

Milan Galik, Interactive Brokers CEO, commented: “Providing access to the Eurex/KRX link exemplifies Interactive Brokers’ dedication to offering our clients an extensive range of global investment and trading opportunities.

“Clients can now take advantage of extended hours to trade in one of the world’s most liquid derivatives markets. Our global client base, including APAC, European and American clients, benefit by having access to KOSPI derivatives during normal and extended trading hours, regardless of location.”

©Markets Media Europe 2024

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Eventus joins FIA Tech Databank Network

Andrew Castello, vice president and head of client operations, FIA Tech
Andrew Castello, vice president and head of client operations, FIA Tech

Eventus has joined the FIA Tech Databank Network, the first trade surveillance and market risk solution to do so.

By joining the network, Eventus will embed FIA Tech’s cross-reference symbology and core contract specifications data into its client offering.

The Databank aims to bring technology providers into a global network, simplifying the use of reference data, analytics and software solutions from participating firms. It currently includes reference data from more than 80 exchanges and central counterparties, index providers and data vendors EDI and Factset.

Commenting on the news, Andrew Castello, vice president and head of client operations at FIA Tech, said: “Eventus’ integration of our cross-reference symbology and contract specifications is a testament to the value of our reference data offering. We are very pleased to welcome Eventus to the Databank Network.”

Jeff Bell, chief operating officer at Eventus, added: “At Eventus, we are dedicated to continuously enhancing our capabilities to meet the evolving needs of our clients. By integrating FIA Tech’s cross reference symbology and core contract specifications services into our Validus platform, we are not only expanding our data interoperability but also reinforcing our commitment to providing the most comprehensive and reliable surveillance solutions available.”

©Markets Media Europe 2024

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