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Nasdaq Prepared for Disaster Recovery

Nasdaq spends 40 out of 52 weeks testing systems for disaster recovery, including major catastrophes such as a pandemics, which has allowed the exchange and the 120 marketplaces it supports to continue operating as volatility and volumes have increased.

Paul McKeown, Nasdaq

Paul McKeown, senior vice president, head of marketplace operators and new markets, Market Technology at Nasdaq told Markets Media that the firm provides technology to more than 120 marketplaces, clearinghouses and central securities depositories in 50 different countries.

“It is a huge responsibility to provide financial market infrastructure and we are well prepared to support both our own markets and those markets that we support on behalf of our customers,” he added. “We spend 40 out of 52 weeks testing our systems for disaster recovery, including major catastrophes such as a pandemics, and with the assumption that all global markets could be impacted at the same time.”

McKeown continued that there have been no major issues in the last few weeks despite the increase in volatility and volumes due to the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic.

He said: “As a rule, we make sure we have two times the capacity of the highest trading volumes we have seen for all our customers on a global basis. We are laser focused on capacity, performance and resilience.”

Adena Friedman, president and chief executive of Nasdaq, said:

Nasdaq’s market operations team includes 40 engineers responsible for monitoring all systems. The group is used to remote working from home.

“We also have more than 1,500 dedicated technology staff covering support, development, testing and operations,” he added. “We are well placed to operate 24/7 for 365 days a year.”

Surveillance

Nasdaq also warned that market manipulators can take advantage of the chaos during stressed markets to attempt to hide amongst the noise, assuming that it is harder to hide their behavior amongst the increased activity.

Michael O’Brien, head of product management, risk and trade surveillance at Nasdaq, and Alan Jukes, principal product manager of Nasdaq Trade Surveillance, said in a blog that they expect to see one, if not multiple, cases of manipulation during this period.

“Looking back, one well known example of blatant market manipulation correlated to a period of extreme market volatility (some would even argue causation) is the Sarao case during Flash Crash of 2010, when over a trillion dollars dissipated in just over 20 minutes,” they added. “Several attributes of Sarao’s trading were flagged as indicators of market abuse, many of which the executing brokers failed to detect and query.”

The blog continued that surveillance analysts need to be wary of a default assumption that alert spikes are simply a reflection of increased market activity, or due to the ‘normal’ response of an algorithm to increased volatility.

“Firms must be prepared to challenge any trader that claims their behavior was due to abnormal market conditions, and the key to being able to challenge that is to look at their behavior relative to their peers,” they explained.

World Federation of Exchanges

McKeown said: “Regulators have done a good job in making sure that exchanges are appropriately prepared and that has helped make our lives easier.”

The World Federation of Exchanges, the global industry group for exchanges and CCPs, issued a statement on market infrastructure business continuity planning last month.

“As a community, market infrastructures are both prepared and focused on ensuring the regulated markets remain open, resilient, reliable and consistent at this time of crisis,” said WFE. “Indeed, this has been demonstrated time and time again, including in 2008 when our industry stepped forward to secure the system in the wake of the bank-led crisis triggered by the Lehman Brothers bankruptcy.”

The WFE has created a repository of the rolling updates of exchange and CCP efforts on its website and collaborates via the WFE’s Enterprise Risk Working Group.

“You may wish to refer to their recently published benchmarking exercise on Organisational Structures for Enterprise and Operational Risk,” said the group. “Separately but in tandem, the WFE’s Cyber Security, CCP and Physical Security Working Groups are also working during this crisis with similar models.”

The Financial Stability Board

The Financial Stability Board, the  international body that monitors and makes recommendations about the global financial system, also reviewed the actions taken to support market functioning and maintain the provision of credit to households and businesses at the end of last month.

“Many financial firms have successfully managed to switch to extensive remote working in a relatively short time,” added the FSB. “Nevertheless, for many financial service firms to continue to operate critical functions, a limited number of essential personnel are required to be on-site.”

The FSB continued that public health authorities have implemented social distancing measures, firms must have appropriate business continuity plans  in place to respect these measures and facilitate working from home where possible.

ESG equities outshine their conventional peers

The integration of environmental, social and governance (ESG) issues into investment research has become increasingly important for the buyside. However, there has been a debate as to how these stocks would perform in a stressed environment. Research from Morningstar shows that they have proved their mettle, beating conventional exchange traded funds (ETFs) and passive strategies in the current Covid-19 driven market volatility.

The data and research group found that actively managed Europe large-cap blend and UK large-cap equity ESG funds, on average, outperformed their non-ESG rivals. In fact, the UK recorded the largest returns where the average ESG fund fell 14% against 16.8% for their non-ESG rivals. On the big picture front, the MSCI World stock index slid by 14.5% while 62% of global ESG focused large-cap equity funds outshone the global tracker.

Hortense Bioy, Morningstar

According Hortense Bioy, Morningstar’s director of passive strategies and sustainability research for Europe, companies that score high on ESG tend to be large well-run businesses that favourably treat their stakeholders, address their environmental challenges, have more conservative balance sheets, as well as lower levels of controversies. Not surprisingly, perhaps, these types of companies are typically more resilient during market downturns.

In addition, Morningstar attributes some of the outperformance in this particular period to the fact that many of the ESG funds avoid sectors which often score less well on ESG metrics such as airlines and oil companies. These industries have been particularly hard hit in the Covid-19 fuelled stock market downturns due to the virtual ban on travel imposed over the past month in many developed and emerging countries.

Separately, in a note at the end of March, Bank of America Merrill Lynch analysts said that, from the S&P 500 index peak on Feb. 19, stocks that scored in the top quintile on ESG metrics had outperformed the market by over five percentage points. They said the result was “nearly identical” on a sector- and size-adjusted basis while the top 50 most over weighed stocks by ESG funds had done better than the most underweighted by over ten percentage points.

©BestExecution 2020
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Simcorp launches new managed data service for buyside

SimCorp, a provider of investment management solutions and services, has launched Datacare, a new managed data service for global buyside firms, to help firms manage the increasing number of data challenges.

This is particularly true in the current environment where it is difficult to keep pace with rapid moving markets and endless flow of Covid 19 news. For example, the Dow closed down 13.74% in March, notching its worst month since October 2008 while it turned in a -23.2% for the quarter, its worst since the fourth quarter of 1987. Meanwhile, the FTSE ended the month almost 2,000 points below where it started the year, when the index was near the highest levels on record while pan-European Stoxx 600 dropped by 23% in its sharpest decline since 2002

Josef Sommeregger, SimCorp Gain

“With market volatility impacting global markets, as seen recently, many firms are left with the uphill challenge of processing increasing volumes of market data, vital for decision-making,” says Josef Sommeregger, Managing Director for SimCorp Gain. Employing automated processes to support data management and maintenance is now more crucial than ever.”

He adds, “Sadly, the reality is most firms are having to painstakingly run manual processes in order to make sense of their data, and create actionable and insightful meaning from it. Datacare is targeted at relieving this expensive, time-consuming and distracting headache, together with the provision of data advisory, so that firms can once again focus their resources on the business of alpha generation.”

Simcorp developed Datacare in collaboration with Zurich Insurance Group and other global buyside institutions to provides a highly automated, multi-asset, front-to-back solution for market and reference data management. The aim is to offer operational efficiency, data advisory and multi-asset class coverage in one data management solution.

The data management challenges of the buyside have been well documented. This is particularly true regarding the handling of more complex and specialised multi-asset data, across multiple countries and regulatory jurisdictions. The situation has only been exacerbated by the increasing operational and regulatory data requirements. The result is that data operations teams have little time to focus on the more value-added tasks, such as advanced analytics.

Michael Kopf, Zurich

As Michael Kopf, Chief Operating Officer of the Investment Management function of Zurich, says, “By having a trusted service provisioning day-to-day, standardised, but critical externally sourced data, we can now focus our resources on advanced data driven opportunities for Zurich’s Investment Management.”

©BestExecution 2020
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Liquidity landscape post Covid-19

Lynn Strongin Dodds

Despite plummeting and volatile stock prices, the structure of the market and liquidity formation remained steady through March as the COVID-19 crisis continued to unravel, according to the latest Liquidnet Liquidity report card.

The report notes that ongoing regulatory concerns over the impact of dark trading continue to appear unfounded. Lit trading activity increased sharply in March as traders looked for certainty of execution. In addition, the percentage traded in auctions dropped sharply highlighting an increase in continuous lit trading. This can most likely be attributed to a rise in algorithm trading to combat the recent uncertainty such as trading Volume Weighted Average Price (VWAP) over the day.

Figure 1. (Source: Bloomberg)

Overall dark volumes peaked at over 10% of market activity in January this year while dark trading as a percentage of overall activity slipped back to between 8-9% with minimal change week on week from 8.6% to 8.7% despite the recent jump in volumes, according to the report.

The research also revealed that the decline in risk appetite was further reflected in the proportion of dark trading which is Large in Scale. While LIS peaked at 40% of overall volumes in 2019, this has subsequently slid to 30%. This is mainly because portfolio managers were opting to work orders in current market conditions rather than trading blocks. The report showed that the average market LIS execution size currently stands at €807,764 versus an average LIS execution size in Liquidnet of €1,271,896.

Figure 2. (Source: Bloomberg)

As for the spike in systematic internaliser activity on March 20th – daily principal traded jumped to €38bn – it was short lived and activity reverted to an almost identical pattern during the last week of March to the liquidity formation seen in February. It fell to a daily average of €13bn with an average order size of €24,000.

The increase in March was attributed to ‘quadruple witching’ rebalancing whereby stock index futures as well as options, stock options, and single stock futures expire simultaneously. In addition, clients traded more global baskets looking for “guaranteed VWAP,” where trades are executed exactly at the VWAP price.

©BestExecution 2020
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FX algo trading slow to gain traction

Ken Monahan, Greenwich Associates

Lynn Strongin Dodds

A new report by US based consultancy Greenwich Associates shows that after years of stagnation, algo trading in FX remains slower to gain traction than in equities and other asset classes.

Ken Monahan, Greenwich Associates

The report – Digitisation Delayed: Why Algos Aren’t More Popular in FX – reveals that in the U.S. and Europe, only 37% of FX market participants use algorithmic trading, and algo trading accounts for just 22% of their overall volume. By contrast, algo trading has become nearly ubiquitous among institutional traders in equities, where almost half of all trading volume (46%) is now conducted through either direct market access (DMA,) smart order routing or algorithmic trades.

Ken Monahan, Senior Analyst for Greenwich Associates Market Structure and Technology and author of the report, points to several reasons for the sluggish adoption. Most notable is the lack of data on which to build algos relative to other asset classes that have disclosure requirements and, therefore richer datasets. In addition, the nature of FX as a second-order hedge rather than an alpha generator limits the utility of algos, as many firms have no specific benchmark for their executions.

However, Monahan expects that” algo trading will evolve into a mainstay in global FX mainly because of the sheer size of the potential market.” FX traders view algorithms as a perfect fit for the biggest trades—the area of the market that represents the last redoubt of voice execution. “It is only a matter of time before issues of data scarcity and other hurdles are addressed and algorithms take on a central role in FX trading,” he adds.


Trading in the global foreign-exchange market has jumped to the highest-ever level at $6.6 trn, according to the latest figures from the Bank for International Settlements.

The data that underlies this paper was collected prior to the outbreak of the COVID-19 virus and the associated market volatility. While Greenwich Associates has heard anecdotally that algo usage has increased during recent weeks, the issues addressed in this report are structural to FX and, will, for the most part, remain unchanged.

©BestExecution 2020

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TradeTech 2020 reconvenes

DATES RESCHEDULED TO 20 – 21 OCTOBER , 2020

Buy Side Only Day @ InterContinental Paris Le Grand – 19 October

 

Dear Ian,

 

We are excited to announce that we have already secured new dates for TradeTech Europe 2020 on the 20th – 21st October at Palais des congrès de Paris.

 

We would like to thank all of our sponsors, speakers and partners for their ongoing support and we look forward to connect with you all later this year for our 20th anniversary.

 

In order to make this process as effortless to you possible, we have already moved delegate tickets and sponsorships to the new dates. As the program will remain intact, all the terms of original delegate ticket and event sponsorships will still be applicable.

 

If you have any questions please get in touch by replying to this email or speaking to your relationship manager.

 

We wish you continued good health and look forward to seeing you in October.

 

Best regards,

TradeTech Europe Team

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Euronext pulls away from BME deal

Stéphane Boujnah, CEO, Euronext
Stéphane Boujnah, CEO, Euronext

Lynn Strongin Dodds

European stock exchange group Euronext has decided against a bid for Bolsas y Mercados Españoles (BME) the Spanish stock market operator, leaving to door open for rival Swiss bidder SIX.

The Paris-based company, which mulled over an offer but never formally submitted a proposal, said in a statement that the financial terms of a potential competing bid “would not be compatible with value creation and adequate return on invested capital for Euronext shareholders,” despite potential synergies.

Last week, the Swiss Group gained authorisation from the National Securities Market Commission in Spain for its €2.8bn bid for BME, which includes a 34% premium over the Spanish bourse’s market price when it made its friendly approach in November. Buying BME would give SIX a foothold inside the European Union, and potentially help Switzerland regain access to EU equity markets after Brussels blocked EU-based investors from trading on Swiss exchanges from July in an argument over equivalency.

SIX has made commitments that will allow “the continuity of the Spanish stock market as a financing mechanism of our companies”, the Spanish government said without giving details.

Jos Dijsselhof, SIX Group AG

In November, SIX’S CEO Jos Dijsselhof said the bid was aimed at creating growth opportunities in both countries rather than focusing on cost-cutting measures and that SIX’s initial intention was not to delist BME.

Euronext made it clear the decision does not signal the end of its M&A intentions. Fierce competition in equities trading has squeezed exchanges’ profitability, pushing them to look to new markets or cut costs.

The group said that it “remains committed to its ambition to build the leading pan-European market infrastructure, and to seize attractive growth opportunities in line with its financial discipline. Strong operating performance, disciplined deployment of capital and open federal model remains key features of the Euronext strategy “Let’s Grow Together 2022”.

Euronext provides trading platforms across Belgium, France, Ireland, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal and the UK with nearly 1,500 listed issuers worth €4.5tn in market capitalisation.

Stéphane Boujnah, Euronext

Last year, Euronext’s Chief Executive Stéphane Boujnah said he was open to buying stand-alone stock exchanges or doing a ‘baby-Refinitiv’ deal, adding that Euronext wants to be the ‘backbone of capital markets union’. As to bolt-on acquisitions, post trade services, new asset classes in commodities and advanced data services, such as new ESG-based indices, were on the list.

The London Stock Exchange Group acquired financial data analytics provider Refinitiv for $27 bn to expand in the information services business.

©BestExecution 2020

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FCA relaxes best execution reporting requirements

Christopher Woolard, FCA

Lynn Strongin Dodds

The Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) has agreed to offer supervisory flexibility to traders of their best execution requirements during the current coronavirus crisis.

Christopher Woolard, FCA

In a ‘Dear CEO’ letter to firms serving retail investors on its response to the Covid-19 pandemic, interim chief executive Christopher Woolard, said the UK regulator would not take any enforcement action against firms that do not publish the next reports as required on 1 April, as long as they do so no later than June 30.

However, the FCA does expect them to continue to take into account current market conditions when determining the relative importance, they place on the different execution factors when meeting their obligations as well as the venues or brokers they rely upon to achieve best execution. “We would expect firms to consider their use of different types of orders to execute client order and manage risk during market volatility,” according to Woolard.

Under MiFID II, firms are obliged to secure the best price or execution for end investors and to publish quarterly reports to evidence their efforts.

The move follows other FCA actions during the crisis such as the relaxation on recording and reporting of traders’ phone conversations and transactions. Regulation in the UK require phone calls to be recorded for certain activities, while sales and trading staff must be adequately supervised during the coronavirus crisis.

There have been appeals from many parts of the financial service industry for the FCA to do more to help them navigate this unprecedented time. The FCA said in its letter that it had received hundreds of requests for changes to its regulatory approach from trade associations and firms. It said: “We want to continue working with firms and consumer organisations to understand how the impact of the pandemic is affecting markets and the harms that consumers may face. We will keep these measures under review especially as new issues arise.”

©BestExecution 2020

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The Human Aspects of the Trading Desk

Kirstie MacGillivray, Kames Capital
Kirstie MacGillivray, Kames Capital

In recent years diversity, inclusion and employee well-being have become buzz words within financial institutions with some wholeheartedly recognising the need to embrace change and improve in these areas whilst others, perhaps are more reluctant to get involved. However most now recognise that creating a healthy working environment is conducive to producing focussed, happy employees. But what does that really mean in practise and is it possible on a trading desk potentially covering multiple asset classes in different time zones?

It is well known that traders work long hours, but we should not forget that they are also supported by operations, IT and compliance teams who work similarly long hours. The recent campaign, led by the Investment Association and AFME, for a reduction in market hours has brought the working day of a trader into the mainstream press. The potential liquidity benefit would be welcomed by all who directly operate in the market but the potential human benefits should be welcomed by the whole industry and, in particular, by anyone responsible for traders on a trading desk. The potential diversity benefit has been well documented but the potential health benefits are also compelling.

Mental health, and the cost of mental health issues (see chart), is increasingly in focus- traders tend to spend their (long) days sitting at their desks looking at their screens- which is not conducive to good physical or mental health. The proposed shorter market hours may allow for traders to visit the gym before work, allow them to drop off their children at school before work or be home to help their children with their homework. All of which should create a healthier mental state. We should also encourage our traders to spend time off the desk throughout the day- this can be as simple as meeting up with colleagues elsewhere in the firm for a 10 minute chat, taking a short walk, attending special project meetings- that short break from the desk on a regular basis can be the difference between feeling well and feeling pressured.

Those in charge of trading desks also have a responsibility to watch out for ‘red flags’ which may suggest someone is struggling with their work environment (or external pressures) and make suitable adjustments. We expect more from traders now- the SMCR regime in the UK brings sharply into focus the personal responsibility of the role, the regulatory and compliance burden continues to increase for traders- all within an environment of significant cost pressure. Heads of Trading must ensure their team feel supported and must lead by example in that regard.

By creating a healthier working environment we should be able to attract more diverse candidates onto the trading desk. But what can we offer them? In years gone traders simply traded their asset class and did not get involved in any other aspects of the asset management business. The career progression offered was to wait for the Head of Dealing to move on or retire- and we wonder why we have a diversity issue now?!

The issue of career progression is still a tricky one, however I believe there is lots we can offer- and trading desks now (and in the future) require diverse skillsets. There are significant opportunities for traders to engage across the asset management business- whether investigating new fintech offerings to enhance the trade flow or data mining to ensure the best possible execution outcomes. Perhaps one of the advantages of an ever increasing and changing regulatory outlook is the opportunity it creates for traders who want to expand their experience and knowledge. Trading desks require market structure experts to understand how best to interact with the market in the most efficient manner, global desks require traders who understand the different regimes they have to operate in and many traders now need to understand the nuances of the various fund structures which their firms manage. By constructing a trading desk in this way we can ensure diversity of thought and constructive challenge to existing practises- both of which will lead to better execution outcomes for our clients in the long run.

New entrants into the workforce now expect more flexible working arrangements. Historically we have regarded the trading desk as an area where flexible working is impossible. However some creative planning can give flexible working opportunities to the traders. There can, understandably, be reservations about the control environment when trading from home, but traders can be given the opportunity to work from home on investigative topics or CPD which do not require the ability to trade (subject to appropriate cover on the desk). It is crucial that there is a clear deliverable from these arrangements to measure the value of the output produced.

There is still a reluctance to ask for flexible arrangements so Heads of Trading must lead and encourage- and traders must show some bravery and ask! If there is a clear plan to ensure desk coverage and the benefits of the flexible arrangement can be shown it is very difficult to refuse such a request.

This is a great industry to work in – we need to encourage the next generation to join. We can offer them an exciting career at the forefront of technology innovation, full of intellectual challenge and the opportunity to drive change. Heads of trading must always remember your trading desk’s success is based on the quality and diversity of your skillset on the desk. 

DISCLAIMER

This document is for use by professional journalists. Its content is written for use in trade publications with a professional audience.

Past performance is not a guide to future returns. Outcomes, including the payment of income, are not guaranteed.

Opinions expressed represent our understanding of the current and historical positions of the market and are not an investment recommendation or advice. Any securities and related trading strategies referenced may or may not be held/used in any strategy/portfolio. Any Opinions and/or example trades/securities are only present for the purposes of promoting Kames Capital’s investment management capabilities. Sources used, both internal and external, are deemed reliable by Kames Capital at the time of writing.

All data is sourced to Kames Capital unless otherwise stated. The document is accurate at the time of writing but is subject to change without notice. Data attributed to a third party (“3rd Party Data”) is proprietary to that third party and/or other suppliers (the “Data Owner”) and is used by Kames Capital under licence. 3rd Party Data: (i) may not be copied or distributed; and (ii) is not warranted to be accurate, complete or timely. None of the Data Owner, Kames Capital or any other person connected to, or from whom Kames Capital sources, 3rd Party Data is liable for any losses or liabilities arising from use of 3rd Party Data.

Kames Capital plc is authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority.

HSBC’s Latest Middle East Mission – Kuwait’s Inclusion In MSCI Emerging Markets Index

The MENA region has been one of the most fascinating stories in Emerging Markets over the past few years.

Notwithstanding its strong economic growth; it is the wind of economic reforms sweeping across the region which seems to be the most appealing factor to international investors.

Whilst the UAE and Qatar opened up their markets to foreign investors almost a decade ago, other major regional economies – principally Saudi Arabia – have only recently started to follow suit. Saudi Arabia has justifiably grasped the attention of Global EM investors worldwide due to the size and liquidity of its markets; a new player is however starting to emerge: Kuwait.

Kuwait has been diligently implementing a series of expansive economic and market reforms; a strategy they hope will leave a legacy of foreign institutional investment, facilitated by index inclusion and subsequently, eliminating their decades-long dependency on commodities.

Those reforms in Kuwait have helped fortify its standing, and convinced FTSE Russell to add the country to its Emerging Markets Index, a milestone that resulted in over USD1.4 billion of foreign investment moving into the local equity market throughout 2018 and 2019. In June last year MSCI said it would reclassify its Kuwait index to emerging markets status, subject to enhancements that made it easier for overseas institutional investors to access the country’s equity market before the end of November 2019.

During the MSCI consultation, international investors highlighted their critical need for omnibus account structures and same national investor number (NIN) cross trades being made available. In October 2019 the Kuwait Capital Market Authority announced it was changing some executive bylaws and rules and international investors were able confirm that these two enhancements have been put into practice. There have also been some significant enhancements into the clearing and custody process championed by the Kuwait Clearing Company.

As a result, MSCI confirmed in December 2019 that Kuwait will be included in MSCI Emerging Markets Index in one step during the May 2020 semi‐annual review. As a result, nine Kuwaiti stocks will be included in the Emerging Markets Index with an estimated weight of 0.69% according to MSCI.

The inclusion of Kuwait in the MSCI Emerging Markets Index in May 2020 has presented an opportunity for improving the country’s equity market structure; and in turn, facilitating the access to trading of local stocks for international institutional investors.

HSBC has a long history in Kuwait; where it has been operating for several decades and has an extensive footprint. Alongside the Global Emerging equity business in London, HSBC has begun a 5 month long engagement with all stakeholders in a successful MSCI Kuwait inclusion that will witness a $3-4bn* of foreign capital moving into Bursa Kuwait. It is also one of the rare vertically integrated banks in the region which has the ability to also engage clients across sub-custody and foreign exchange and providing a full overview of the trading cycle to clients.

The MENA region overall is at the forefront of reforms, and is often perceived as a monolithic entity by international investors. Reclassification should not be seen as an end result, but rather the beginning of a journey. As MENA economies endeavour to improve their markets, they will be recompensed with increased index weightings, which in turn will encourage greater active and passive flows, and ultimately deeper liquidity. 

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